The Prompt Book

The Prompt Book is the master copy of the script or score, containing all the actor moves and technical cues, and is used by the deputy stage manager to run rehearsals and later, control the performance. It’s sometimes known as the ‘book’, Prompt Copy or Prompt Script. The member of stage management (often the DSM) cueing the show is said to be ‘On the Book’. (e.g. ‘Clare’s on the book for the next show’).
As well as the script and/or score of the show, the prompt book also contains contact lists for all concerned with the production, information about the venue(s), show reports, local amenities, emergency procedures and any other information that may be needed during the run of the show. It’s rightly known as the production ‘bible’.

The book is usually laid out so that the script is on one side of a folder, and the cues are on the opposite side, with a line between the cue word / line, and the cue itself. Left-handed DSMs may prefer the cue page to be on the left of the folder. Most prefer it to be on the right, as below.

Cues

Each of the technical departments has a specific abbreviation used to identify cues. The main requirement is that the cues are marked consistently, and that the stage manager / DSM uses the same verbal command to initiate the cue every time. 

Technical Department	Cue Prefix	Verbal Cue
Lighting Cues	LX (UK) Light (USA)	LX or Light
Sound Cues	SD SQ FX SFX	Sound
Video Cues	AV VID VT	AV or Vid
Fly Cues	FLY	Fly
Trap Cues	TRAP	Trap
Smoke Cues	SMOKE	Smoke Smoke GO or Smoke STOP

Standbys

Standby cues are written in the script to give the stage manager / DSM the appropriate timing to say the standby. 
This cue (known as a WARN cue in the USA) lets the technical operator(s) know their cue is coming very soon.

The position of the Standby cue will vary according it how complex it is. A standby cue for a scene change will require more time than a button press for the lighting operator. 
A complex sequence (e.g. the start of the show) may involve many cues in quick succession – the Standby cue can group the cues together. For example, “Standby LX cues 1 through 25, Sound cues 2 to 12 and Fly cues 1 and 2”

Example of cue layout for a play

(other information that would be on this page omitted for clarity)

If professional practice is followed, the Prompt Book is used throughout the production / rehearsal process for the DSM / SM to keep notes of everything relevant to the show.

Some SMs like to use a column-based layout with the script on the left, and (for the right-handed) columns breaking up the right hand page, for notes about blocking, lighting, sound, props, set and followspot. (The columns used depend on the complexity of the show).
This type of layout means it’s easy to see which notes relate to which tech department, and which can be ignored if you’re calling cues. The notes should be written in pencil so that they can be erased & replaced with more detail as the production progresses.

Blocking Notation

All actor movements should be noted in such a way that anyone can read and understand them. 
There’s a standard form of notation used in the prompt book. 

Positions:

• DS = Downstage
• US = Upstage
• SR = Stage Right
• CS = Centre stage
• SL = Stage Left
• RC = Right of centre stage
• LC = Left of centre stage
• DR = Down right
• DL = Down left
• UR = Up right
• UL = Up left
• UC = Up centre
• DC = Down centre
• C/L = Centre line
• Full Front – Facing directly downstage
• Full Back – Facing directly upstage
• Quarter Right / Left – 45 degrees to an end-on audience, facing towards either stage right or stage left. 
• Profile Right / Left – Facing directly offstage, at 90 degrees to the audience
• Three-Quarter Right / Left – Facing into the upstage corners of the stage, mostly turned away from the audience, 45 degrees from Full Back. 

Actions:

• X = Cross to (diagonally moving)
• -> = Moves to (or toward)
• sits = Sits on a piece of furniture
• rises = Stands up
• enters 
• exits

Examples:

• Simon X DS = Simon crosses downstage (from his current position)
• Claire -> Simon = Claire moves towards Simon

A plan view of the set can be incorporated onto each page in the book, so that positions can be marked on that too. 

Cueing for a Musical

For a musical, the DSM has a personal choice to either use the lyrics / libretto, or to use the full musical score. The decision depends on how complex the music is, and whether the lighting designer has cues that are on specific beats (rather than on specific words). An opera or operetta with very little spoken dialogue really must be cued from the full score.

Depending on copyright restrictions on the score, you could scan parts of the score and insert them into the script where needed (for example, the beginning and end of a song, as long as there are no cues within the song).

Another option is to insert dance counts into the script, to give you the correct beat for a cue.

For example, from Queen’s Bohemian Rhapsody:
“Beelzebub has a devil put aside for meeee, for meeee, for mee” – 2 – 3 – 4 – 5 – LXQ49 GO

The Royal Opera House ‘Opera Machine’ resource contains an interactive prompt book for an entire opera, which you can follow throughout the performance.

West Side Story
The New York Public Library has digitised the Cue Book for West Side Story from the original Broadway production in 1957.
Warn cues are the US equivalent of Standby cues.
More about West Side Story

Cueing for Physical Theatre 

Any non-standard movement-based piece requires a different approach. There’s no score to follow, and there may not be any text to follow. 

The document linked below is a sample of a movement piece, which contains all the required information about the piece. 
It’s important that there’s a sense of timings, even if there’s no soundtrack, so that the person cueing the show has an idea of when to prepare for a cueing sequence. 

There should be the minimum amount of information to describe the action that the stage manager can see. Avoid long sentences of description, and try to identify clear ‘landmarks’ (movements or actions that stand out and are clearly visible). 

Sample score: Physical Theatre Performance

Digital Prompt Copy

To avoid using lots of paper, and to make script management more 21st century, you can use an app on an iPad (or similar) to hold the prompt script, and add notations etc. 
For sheet music (musicals, opera), the ForScore app is recommended, on an Apple iPad with an Apple Pencil. You can also add a Bluetooth Wireless Page Turner foot pedal control. 
Other options include:

• Microsoft’s OneNote 
• ProductionPro
• Stage Write

More information

The following websites have useful resources about prompt books and stage management in general:

• Lois Backstage
• D’Oyly Carte Prompt Books – fascinating historical reference from the Victoria & Albert Museum, London